Autoimmune Diseases in Animals: What You Absolutely Need to Know to Better Support Them

The health of our four-legged companions is an absolute priority. However, some health challenges can be particularly complex, such as autoimmune diseases. These often insidious conditions affect a growing number of pets and can be difficult to diagnose and manage.

 

 

Understanding what they are, their causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches is essential for any owner concerned about their loyal friend's well-being. This article aims to shed light on this complex subject, offering you a comprehensive overview to better understand and support your animal.

 

What is an autoimmune disease in animals?

 

Imagine your pet's immune system as a sophisticated army whose mission is to defend the body against foreign invaders (bacteria, viruses, parasites, cancer cells). In the case of an autoimmune disease, this army misunderstands its role and, instead of attacking external threats,  it turns against the animal's own healthy cells, tissues, or organs. It's as if the body no longer recognizes its own components and considers them enemies to be eliminated.

 

This "mistake" of the immune system can affect any part of the body, from blood cells to joints, as well as the skin, kidneys, or nervous system. The disease can be systemic (affecting multiple organs or systems) or organ-specific (targeting only one type of tissue). The consequences vary enormously depending on the cells attacked, ranging from simple dermatitis to potentially fatal conditions if left untreated.

 

What are the causes of autoimmune diseases in our companions?

 

 

The exact causes of autoimmune diseases are often multifactorial and still subject to extensive research. However, several factors are identified as potentially playing a role in their onset:

• Genetic predisposition: Many autoimmune diseases have a hereditary component. Certain dog breeds (such as German Shepherds, Akitas, Poodles, Cocker Spaniels, Irish Setters) and cat breeds (such as Siamese or Abyssinians) are more predisposed to developing certain conditions. This does not mean that all animals of these breeds will get sick, but that their genetic code makes them more vulnerable.
  
  
• Environmental factors: The environment plays a crucial role. Exposure to toxins (pesticides, chemicals), infections (bacterial, viral, parasitic), certain medications, chronic stress, or trauma can act as triggers in a genetically predisposed animal.
  
  
• Diet: A poor-quality diet, rich in additives, preservatives, or potential allergens, can contribute to chronic inflammation and disrupt the balance of the gut microbiota, a key factor in immune regulation.
  
  
• Vaccinations and other treatments: Although vaccines are essential for preventing infectious diseases, excessive or inappropriate immune reactions following certain vaccinations have been suggested as potential triggers in sensitive animals. It is important to discuss the most appropriate vaccination protocol for your pet with your veterinarian.
  
  

What are the common symptoms of autoimmune diseases in animals?

 

 

The symptoms of autoimmune diseases are incredibly varied, as they depend on the organs or tissues that the immune system attacks. However, some general signs can alert the owner:

• Skin symptoms: Redness, intense itching, unexplained hair loss, scabs, ulcers, blisters, depigmentation (for example, around the nose or eyes).
  
  
• Joint and muscle problems: Lameness, stiffness, pain on palpation, joint swelling, muscle weakness, hesitant gait.
  
  
• Blood disorders: Anemia (pale gums, fatigue, lethargy), unexplained bruising, prolonged bleeding (from the nose, gums), weakness.
  
  
• Gastrointestinal symptoms : Chronic vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, decreased appetite.
  
  
• Eye problems: Redness, excessive tearing, clouding of the eye, sudden blindness.
  
  
• General symptoms: Unexplained and recurrent fever, lethargy, general weakness, loss of appetite.
  
  

Given the diversity of symptoms, it is crucial to consult a veterinarian quickly at the first sign of unusual and persistent symptoms. Diagnosing autoimmune diseases is often complex and requires a battery of tests (blood tests, biopsies, specific tests).

 

What are the conventional treatments commonly prescribed by veterinarians?

 

 

The treatment of autoimmune diseases primarily aims to modulate immune system activity and manage symptoms. It is crucial to follow your veterinarian's recommendations.

 

Corticosteroids (like prednisone) are the most commonly used medications. They act quickly to suppress the excessive immune response and reduce inflammation. However, their long-term use can lead to side effects (excessive thirst, increased appetite, weight gain, panting, muscle weakness, increased susceptibility to infections).

 

In some cases, more potent immunosuppressive drugs (like azathioprine or cyclosporine) are used, often in combination with steroids, to reduce the dose of the latter and minimize side effects. These medications require careful monitoring as they can also have significant adverse effects.

 

Symptomatic treatments can be added to manage pain, local inflammation (creams, eye drops), or secondary infections (antibiotics). Treatment is often a long-term journey, with induction phases to control the disease, followed by maintenance phases where the goal is to keep the animal in remission with the lowest possible dose of medication.

 

Are there natural remedies to support an animal with an autoimmune disease?  

 

 

 

Yes, in addition to conventional treatments and always in agreement with your veterinarian, natural approaches can play a significant role in supporting the animal health of pets with autoimmune diseases. The goal is to reduce inflammation, support the immune system (without over-stimulating it), and improve quality of life.

• 1) Adapted diet: A hypoallergenic or limited-ingredient diet, high quality and easily digestible, available for example from Goodbro, can help reduce the burden on the immune system and decrease inflammation. Fresh, raw, or home-cooked diets (under nutritional supervision) can be considered. Avoid grains, animal by-products, and artificial additives.
  
  
• 2) Anti-inflammatory supplements:
  • Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil, krill oil): Powerful natural anti-inflammatories, they can help reduce excessive inflammatory response.
  • Turmeric: Known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it should be administered with caution and often combined with piperine for better absorption.
  • Boswellia serrata: An Ayurvedic herb with proven anti-inflammatory properties, often used for joint pain. 
    
    
• 3) Gut microbiota support: The digestive system is central to immunity.
  • Probiotics and prebiotics: They help balance gut flora, essential for healthy immune function.
  • Glutamine: An amino acid that supports the integrity of the intestinal lining ("leaky gut" can be a trigger factor). 
    
    
• 4) Stress management: Chronic stress can exacerbate autoimmune diseases. Gentle techniques like massage therapy, acupuncture, or natural calming supplements (chamomile, valerian, L-theanine) can help.
  
  
• 5) Gentle detoxification: Supporting elimination organs (liver, kidneys) with specific herbs (milk thistle, dandelion) can help reduce the toxic load on the body.
  
  

FAQ about autoimmune diseases in animals

 

Can autoimmune diseases in animals be cured?

 

In most cases, autoimmune diseases in animals cannot be "cured" in the strict sense, but they can be managed and put into remission. The goal of treatment is to control symptoms, reduce abnormal immune system activity, and significantly improve the animal's quality of life. Follow-up is often lifelong.

 

What is the life expectancy of an animal with an autoimmune disease?

 

Life expectancy varies considerably depending on the type of autoimmune disease, its severity, the speed of diagnosis, and the response to treatment. With appropriate care and rigorous follow-up, many animals with autoimmune diseases can live long and comfortable lives. Early diagnosis and proactive management are key factors.

 

What diet is recommended for a dog or cat suffering from an autoimmune disease?

 

A high-quality, hypoallergenic, and easily digestible diet is often recommended. This may include novel proteins (which the animal has never consumed) or limited-ingredient diets. Many veterinarians and nutritionists recommend fresh, raw, or home-cooked (balanced) foods to reduce additives and improve digestibility. Avoiding common allergens is essential.

 

Are autoimmune diseases contagious between animals or transmissible to humans?

 

No, autoimmune diseases are not contagious. They cannot be transmitted from one animal to another, or from animals to humans. They are internal dysfunctions of the individual's immune system.

 

Conclusion

 

Autoimmune diseases in animals are complex conditions that require a careful and often multidisciplinary approach. As an owner, your role is crucial in detecting early signs, working closely with your veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis and a conventional treatment plan.  In parallel, the integration of natural remedies can greatly contribute to improving your companion's health and quality of life. 

 

If you are concerned that your pet may be afflicted by a health problem, our Free Animal Health Recommendation can help. In addition to getting advice and recommendations from our Natural Health Advisors, they will also guide you through the products and treatment options best suited to your pet's health needs.